What is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)?

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is an advanced form of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in which a single sperm is directly injected into an egg. While similar to traditional IVF, where eggs and sperm are combined in a petri dish to fertilise naturally, ICSI offers a more targeted approach. It is often used in cases of male infertility or when fertilisation challenges arise.

ICSI is commonly used to address severe male infertility, as sperm-related issues affect about half of couples facing fertility challenges. It is the most effective and widely used treatment in these cases, offering a higher chance of success in achieving conception.

ICSI is a laboratory technique in which a single sperm is carefully selected and injected directly into an egg using a fine glass needle to achieve fertilisation. Once the egg fertilises, embryo is transferred into the woman's uterus for potential implantation and pregnancy.

When is ICSI suggested?

In India, fertility clinics often recommend ICSI when a couple is unable to conceive through standard IVF due to poor or absent fertilisation. ICSI is remarkably suggested for couples where the male partner:

  • Has a low sperm count.
  • Experiences low sperm motility, often due to abnormal sperm shape, which impairs their ability to swim effectively.
  • Has previously undergone a vasectomy, with sperm now sourced from the epididymis (where sperm is stored) or testicles.
  • Struggle to obtain or maintain an erection or has trouble ejaculating, a condition common in men with diabetes, spinal cord injuries, or other health issues.
  • Has attempted a vasectomy reversal, which either proved unsuccessful or resulted in poor sperm quality and a low sperm count.